The study of defined descriptions calls for an examination of the broader problem of reference, which became a central theme of philosophical debate in 1902 and remained a touchstone for Anglo-Saxon schools of philosophical analysis. This was no minor issue. It involves the question of how we relate to the world (to spoken being) once it is realized that language necessarily mediates this relationship. The exemplary controversy between Russell and Strawson is taken as the occasion to re-examine the problem of the singular reference and to bring it up to date in the light of developments in contemporary pragmatics, a few of which are proposed by the author himself.L'étude des descriptions définies enveloppe l'examen d'un problème plus large,...